Mining of Mineral Deposits

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Energy-based substantiation of carbon gasification modes in carbon-containing waste

Andriy Helesh1, Pavlo Saik2, Nazar Lysyi3, Vasyl Lozynskyi2, Mykhailo Petlovanyi2, Kateryna Sai2

1Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine

2Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine

3Lviv State University of Life Safety Educational and Research, Lviv, Ukraine


Min. miner. depos. 2026, 20(3): 146-156


https://doi.org/10.33271/mining20.03.146

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      ABSTRACT

      Purpose. The research aims to theoretically substantiate the energy-efficient gasification modes of carbon component in carbon-containing waste based on unified thermal self-sufficiency indicators, using coal mining waste as a basic example for model application.

      Methods. Comparative material and thermal calculations for four idealized carbon conversion routes within the 660-1000°C temperature range were performed based on previously determined equilibrium constants. All specific indicators refer to 1 kg of initial C. The basic comparison was conducted at an absolute pressure of about 0.2533 MPa. The influence of pressure was investigated for steam and CO2-gasification within the 0.1013-1.0133 MPa. The comparison of heat requirement qreq, resource qres, difference qnet = qres – qreq, the coefficient of potential heat coverage KTSS and the lower heating value of the gas was performed taking into account the residual steam.

      Findings. At pabs = 0.2533 MPa for C + H2O ↔ CO + H2, thermal self-sufficiency coefficient for endothermic processes reaches 2.17 at 860°C, 2.19 at 960°C and slightly decreases to 2.187 at 1000°C. For C + CO2 ↔ 2CO, it grows to 2.35 at 1000°C. Incomplete air oxidation provides the highest qnet, however, the lower heating value of the product gas (LHVg) remains stable low in the entire examined temperature range of 4.39 MJ/nm3 due to the dilution of combustible gases with air nitrogen (N2). Increasing pabs from 0.1013 to 1.0133 MPa worsens the equilibrium values of steam and carbon dioxide conversions.

      Originality. On the joint basis of 1 kg of initial C, the temperature dependences of the energy potential and heat requirement of idealized gasification routes are quantified. A single system qreq – qres – qnet – KTSS is proposed for a correct comparison of exo- and endothermic carbon gasification routes. It is shown that the advantage of the route depends on the chosen criterion: H2 yield, CO formation, volumetric heating value or potential thermal self-sufficiency. The relationship between pressure influence, equilibrium conversion and dilution of the product gas is clarified.

      Practical implications. The criteria for pre-selection of the route are proposed, based on the intended use of gas and available heat resources. For steam gasification at the base pressure, the initial test range of 860-900°C is recommended; for target production of CO in the presence of high-temperature heat – CO2-conversion in the 900-1000°C range is recommended. For the hydrogen product, it is advisable to combine steam gasification with water-gas shift reaction, and for the autothermal scheme – to determine the share of oxidant introduced into the system.

      Keywords: coal mining waste; gasification; co-gasification; carbon conversion; synthesis gas; specific heat requirement; heat resource; temperature; absolute pressure


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