Mining of Mineral Deposits

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Modeling of acid reagent moisture transfer during hydromining of sulfide copper

Zinovii Malanchuk1, Viktor Moshynskyi1, Yevhenii Malanchuk1, Valerii Korniyenko1, Valerii Soroka1, Vitalii Zaiets1, Oleksandr Vasylchuk1

1National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine


Min. miner. depos. 2026, 20(2):1-12


https://doi.org/10.33271/mining20.02.001

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      ABSTRACT

      Purpose. To substantiate the selection of acidic reagents and to develop a mathematical description of moisture-transfer processes during the hydromining of sulfide copper, taking into account the physicochemical properties of the reagents, the parameters of the porous ore medium, and the biological factors involved in sulfide mineral oxidation.

      Methods. The study employed a combination of theoretical analysis, mathematical modeling, and the generalization of experimental data. The selection of reagents, in particular sulfuric acid and iron salts, was substantiated using the Hammett acidity function (H0) and the Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) principle. Modified diffusion and filtration equations accoun-ting for volumetric moisture content, permeability, and suction pressure were used to describe mass- and moisture-transfer processes. The hydrodynamic conditions of hydraulic-mixture flow were evaluated using the Froude and Reynolds criteria.

      Findings. It was established that the efficiency of underground sulfide copper leaching is governed by the combined in-fluence of ore granulometric composition, hydrodynamic parameters, reagent concentration, and biochemical oxidation factors. The rational process parameters were found to be an ore particle size of about 0.35 mm, a hydraulic erosion pressure of 1.6 MPa, an H2SO4 concentration in the range of 5-10%, a medium pH of 1.5-1.8, and a temperature of 25-32°С. The deve-loped mathematical models enable the dynamics of moisture transfer in a porous medium to be described and the behavior of acid reagent transport within the ore mass to be predicted.

      Originality. A comprehensive approach was developed to model moisture transfer of acidic reagents during hydromining of sulfide copper, combining physicochemical substantiation of reagent selection, description of the hydrodynamic conditions of hydraulic-mixture flow, and consideration of biotechnological factors in sulfide oxidation. Unlike existing approaches, the proposed model accounts for the volumetric moisture content, permeability, and suction pressure of the porous medium within a unified formulation.

      Practical implications. The obtained results can be used to substantiate and design technological schemes for borehole hydromining and underground leaching of sulfide copper from low-grade and off-balance deposits. The integration of chemical, hydrodynamic, and biotechnological approaches creates the prerequisites for improving the completeness of copper recovery, promoting the rational use of mineral resources, and reducing the technogenic burden on the environment.

      Keywords: underground leaching; sulfide copper; borehole hydromining; acid reagent; moisture transfer; mass transfer


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