Environmental impact assessment of phosphate chemical complex in NE Algeria

Khaled Rais¹, Riheb Hadji^2,3, Louiza Boudiba¹, Chaouki Melkia⁴, Amor Hamad¹, Toufik Djebbassi¹, Karima Hanini¹

¹Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies (LACRE), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria

²Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Architecture and Earth Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif, Algeria

³Laboratory of Applied Research in Engineering Geology, Geotechnics, Water Sciences, and Environment, Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria

⁴Laboratory of Environment, Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria

Min. miner. depos. 2025, 19(3):98-105

https://doi.org/10.33271/mining19.03.098

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ABSTRACT

Purpose. This study aims to assess the environmental impact of a proposed phosphate chemical complex in the Wadi Elkbarit region of northeastern Algeria, focusing on the potential risks associated with its operations.

Methods. A combination of analytical techniques was employed, including thermometers, turbidimeters, and various spectrophotometric methods, following standardized protocols (NF T and ISO) to assess water quality parameters. Chemical ana-lyses of dam water and soil samples were conducted to determine heavy metal concentrations and nutrient content.

Findings. The facility is projected to generate significant environmental residues, including 2.07 to 2.53 million tons of phosphogypsum, approximately 2.3 thousand tons of sulfur emissions, and 5 to 10 thousand tons of fluoride compounds annually. Water quality analyses revealed alarming levels of heavy metals, with cadmium at 112.5 tons per year and lead at 50 tons per year, exceeding established standards. Soil analyses indicated nutrient and heavy metal concentration variability, raising concerns about soil health and agricultural safety.

Originality. This research contributes novel insights into the environmental implications of phosphate processing, particularly concerning contaminant migration through interconnected groundwater systems.

Practical implications. The findings underscore the urgent need for effective management strategies to mitigate environmental risks, particularly those linked to waste storage and wastewater discharge. Establishing robust monitoring systems and implementing remediation measures are essential for protecting water quality and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in the region.

Keywords: phosphate, environmental, heavy metals, soil health, groundwater

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