Mining of Mineral Deposits

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Influence of a compensatory well diameter on the efficiency of cut cavity shaping in hard rock formations

Oleksii Ishchenko1, Leonid Novikov2, Ivan Ponomarenko3, Volodymyr Konoval3, Roman Kinasz4, Kostiantyn Ishchenko2

1Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine

2M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine

3Cherkasy State Technological University, Cherkasy, Ukraine

4AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland


Min. miner. depos. 2025, 19(1):13-25


https://doi.org/10.33271/mining19.01.013

Full text (PDF)


      ABSTRACT

      Purpose is to select and substantiate the rational parameters of a compensatory well and its influence on a cut cavity shaping while breaking both stressed and unstressed solid media.

      Methods. Numerical simulation of stress field formation under the interaction of blast waves resulting from explosion of a set of holes on a compensatory well has been performed with the help of finite element method as well as ANSYS/LS-DYNA software relying upon MAT_RHT in rock mechanics and MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE in blast mechanics. JWL constitutive equation was applied to define dependencies between the changes in detonation volume and pressure after explosive charges were blasted. A mechanism of the influence of structurally homogeneous solid medium fracture through the explosion of a set of holes on a compensative cavity was assessed on the basis of physical simulation techniques in accordance with the theory of geometric and energy similarity. Stress field in a solid medium was formed applying a photoelastic technique for the models made of the optically active material.

      Findings. The experiments aimed at solid medium destruction through explosion have helped understand that after the blas-ting agent detonation, a blast wave is generated in a well. As the distance increases, the blast wave propagates in rock, and dies down gradually transforming into a stress wave. While achieving compensatory (empty) well, it is reflected from its exposed surface favouring redistribution of stresses and forming the increased stress area in the neighbourhood of its surface. In this regard, the amount of stress concentration around the compensatory (empty) well within the area of the superimposed stress action contributes to rock failure. It has been proved that common effect of the blasting charges with the spherical inserts has demonstrated 2.3 times increase in the amount of the blasted model share to compare with a continuous structure charge, and increase in 50-70% to compare with a charge where diameter of cavity in its frontal part differs from the basic explosion chamber (2-3 dhole).

      Originality. It has been identified that the availability of extra free surface (i.e. compensatory cavity) in a cut results in the following: acting on the free surface, explosive stress wave forms a tension wave influences rock near the free surface. Since rock tensile strength is only 1/8-1/15 of compression strength then tensile strength intensity in the reflected wave exceeds the rock strength.

      Practical implications. The research may become the basis to develop rational parameters of resource-saving methods for breaking hard rocks differing in complex structure under the conditions of ore mines; mine working driving; and tunneling.

      Keywords: explosive, blasting charges, explosive loading, fragmentation, compensatory well, solid medium


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