Mining of Mineral Deposits

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A resource efficient and environmentally safe charge structure for mining in an open-pit

Oksana Tverda1, Olena Kofanova1, Mykola Repin1, Oleksii Kofanov1, Kostiantyn Tkachuk1, Nelya Guts1, Edgar Cabana2

1National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine

2Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Arequipa, 4100, Peru


Min. miner. depos. 2021, 15(4):84-90


https://doi.org/10.33271/mining15.04.084

Full text (PDF)


      ABSTRACT

      Purpose. The purpose is to reduce mineral losses during the explosive destruction of rocks and environmental pollution by harmful gases and fine particulate matter.

      Methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, methods of physicochemical analysis and mechanics of continuous media have been used. The method of physico-chemical analysis has been used to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the composition of the well stemming depending on the parameters of the well, the type of explosive, the amount and type of harmful gases formed during the explosion. Methods of solid medium mechanics have been used to establish the patterns of pressure waves during an explosion depending on the characteristics of the gap filler between the charge and the well wall. To solve the problem of the behavior of a two-layer medium during the loading of a cylindrical cavity by a nonstationary load, a numerical method based on the finite-difference McCormack predictor-corrector scheme has been used.

      Findings. A resource-saving and environmentally friendly charge structure for rock mining by explosion was developed. The design of the charge involves the formation of a gap between the charge and the wall of the borehole, and filling it with a suspension of calcium hydroxide or a suspension of calcium carbonate.

      Originality. SThe dependences of the volume of harmful gases (NO2, CO2, CO) formed during the explosive destruction of rocks and the magnitude of the pressure peak in the area close to the charge on the chemical composition of the filler of the radial gap between the charge and the well wall have been set.

      Practical implications. Developed charge design allows to neutralize the harmful gases formed during the explosion, to reduce the pressure peak in the area of the rock massif close to the charge, and can be widely used in non-metallic quarries that extract minerals for the production of crushed stone.

      Keywords: environmental pollution, explosion, explosive, charge structure, harmful gases, mineral losses, neutralization of gases


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