Typomorphic characteristics of apatite morphology of carbonate-bearing variations of complex ores in the context of Kovdor deposit
O. Trunin1, S. Tikhlivets1
1Kryvyi Rih National University, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine
Min. miner. depos. 2019, 13(3):58-67
https://doi.org/10.33271/mining13.03.058
Full text (PDF)
ABSTRACT
Purpose. A comprehensive analysis of apatite morphology in carbonate-bearing variations of complex ores in the context of Kovdor deposit as an important typomorphic characteristic of a mineral being of high genetic and applied informativeness.
Methods. The research relies upon ontogenetic approach to analyze typomorphic characteristics of the apatite deposit. Possibilities of both traditional and raster electronic microscopy have been used. Elements of internal morphology were studied using structural etching and compounds with immersion liquid. Typomineralogical observations have helped record peculiarities of spatial variability of the morphological characters.
Findings. The development of an oblong ellipsoidal grain patterns with 0.16 – 0.20 mm prevailing size is the key morphological characteristic of the majority of apatite individua within carbonate-bearing ores. Internal morphology (i.e. anatomical representation) is characterized by the pronounced block structure. Formation of apatite liberation from carbon-bearing groundmass depends upon frontal dissipation of previously developed polyhedral grains of apatite II under the effect of aggressive carbonate fusions-solutions. Surface areas, corresponding to prism planes, experience the most active fuse. Apatite liberation from carbonate ores is characterized by a specific smooth surface in the form of complex combination of flat and riblike face fusion elements. Within the “abnormal” zone of carbo-natite core, small apatite individua differ in clear sharp contours, and absolutely even surface of cutting planes which can be explained by gradual intensification of surface defects of the mineral surface as a source of fusion layers at the subsequent carbonization stages.
Originality. Morphological features of apatite from Kovdor deposit are characterized by the pronounced typomor-phism being the sensitive indicator of evolution of mineral genesis system. It has been identified that formation of apatite typomorphic characteristics depends upon manifestation activity of carbonization within primary ores which achieves its maximum in an “abnormal” zone of carbonatite core.
Practical implications. The results are interesting from the viewpoint of prognostic and prospecting informativeness, solving engineering problems, and rational mining and homogenizing of apatite-bearing ores before their deli-very to a preparation plant. The information is recommended to be used to optimize prospect and evaluation of comparable objects connected with Ukrainian carbonatite complexes.
Keywords: Kovdor deposit, complex ore, carbonatites, phosphorites, apatite, ontogeny, typomorphism
REFERENCES
Afanas’yev, B.V. (2011). Mineral’nye resursy shchelochno-ul’traosnovnykh massivov Kol’skogo poluostrova. Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya: Roza vetrov.
Andronov, G.P., & Perunkova, T.N. (2018). Poluchenie dopolnitel’nykh produktov iz tekhnogennykh otkhodov pererabotki rud Kovdorskogo mestorozhdeniya. Vestnik Kol’skogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN, 4(10), 68-74.
Bliskovskiy, V.Z. (1983). Veshchestvennyy sostav i obogatimost’ fosforitovikh rud. Moskva, Rossiya: Nedra.
Bloomberg. (2019). Retrieved from
https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks?cic_redirect=fallback
Deymier, A.C., Nair, A.K., Depalle, B., Qin, Z., Arcot, K., Drouet, C., & Pasteris, J.D. (2017). Protein-free formation of bone-like apatite: new insights into the key role of carbonation. Biomaterials, (127), 75-88.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.029
Drouet, C., Aufray, M., Rollin-Martinet, S., Vandecandelaère, N., Grossin, D., Rossignol, F., & Rey, C. (2018). Nanocrystalline apatites: the fundamental role of water. American Mineralogist, 103(4), 550-564.
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6415
Dubyna, O.V., Kryvdik, S.H., & Soboliev, V.B. (2012). Izomorfizm v TR-apatytakh Chernihivskoho karbonatytovoho masyvu. Mineralohichnyi Zhurnal, 3(34), 22-33.
Dunaev, V.A. (2011). Osobennosti razmeshcheniya fosfatnogo orudeneniya i genezis Kovdorskogo apatit-frankolitovogo mestorozhdeniya. Izvestiya VUZov. Geologiya i Razvedka, (5), 34-42.
Dunaev, V.A., & Yanitskiy, E.B. (2013). Rudokontroliruyushchie faktory, osobennosti i stepen’ izmenchivosti orudeneniya Kovdorskogo apatit-frankolitovogo mestorozhdeniya. Nauchnye Vedomosti BelGU. Estestvennye Nauki, 7(160), 140-147.
Fleet, M.E. (2014). Carbonated hydroxyapatite. London, United Kingdom: CPC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton.
https://doi.org/10.1201/b17954
Gornostayev, S.S., Crocket, J.H., Mochalov, A.G., & Laajoki, K.V.O. (1999). The platinum-group minerals of the Baimka placer deposits, Aluchin horst, Russian Far East. Canadian Mineralogist, 37(5), 1117-1129.
Gornostayev, S.S., Walker, R.J., Hanski, E.J., & Popovchenko, S.E. (2004). Evidence for the emplacement of ca. 3.0 Ga mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic bodies in the Ukrainian Shield. Precambrian Research, 132(4), 349-362.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2004.03.004
Glevasskiy, E.B., & Krivdik, S.G. (1981). Dokembriyskiy karbonatitovyy kompleks Priazov’ya. Kiev, Ukraina: Naukova dumka.
Hiroyuki, M., Miake, Y., Matsumoto, Y., & Hayakawa, T. (2018). Comparative examination of natural apatite crystal and biological apatite crystal. Oral Tissue Engineering, 16(2), 65-73.
Hurskyi, D.S. (2008). Kontseptualni zasady derzhavnoi mineralno-syrovynnoi polityky shchodo vykorystannia stratehichno vazhlyvykh dlia ekonomiky Ukrainy korysnykh kopalyn. Kyiv, Ukraina: Kyivskyi natsionalnyi universytet im. Tarasa Shevchenka.
Hurskyi, D.S., Yesypchuk, K.Yu., Kalinin, V.I., Kulish, Ye.O., Chumak, D.M., & Shumlianskyi, V.O. (2006). Metalichni i nemetalichni korysni kopalyny Ukrainy. Tom II. Nemetalichni korysni kopalyny. Kyiv-Lviv, Ukraina: Tsentr Yevropy.
Ivanyuk, G.Y., Kalashnikov, A.O., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Mikhailova, J.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Konopleva, N.G., & Goryainov, P.M. (2016). Economic minerals of the Kovdor baddeleyite-apatite-magnetite deposit, Russia: mineralogy, spatial distribution and ore processing optimization. Ore Geology Reviews, (77), 279-311.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.02.008
Kalashnikov, A.O., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Bazai, A.V., Sokharev, V.A., Konopleva, N.G., & Ivanyuk, G.Y. (2016). Scandium of the Kovdor baddeleyite-apatite-magnetite deposit (Murmansk Region, Russia): mineralogy, spatial distribution, and potential resource. Ore Geology Reviews, (72), 532-537.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.08.017
Kalinichenko, E.A., Brik, A.B., Il’chenko, E.A., Kalinichenko, A.M., & Kalinichenko, T.G. (2018). Izomorfnye zameshcheniya v apatitakh iz magmaticheskikh porod Chernigovskoy zony razlomov Priazovskogo bloka Ukrainskogo shchita po dannym YaMR i IKS. Mineralohichnyi Zhurnal, 3(40), 65-84.
Knubovets, R.G., & Kislovskiy, L.D. (1975). Issledovanie anionnykh zameshcheniy v apatitakh metodom infrakrasnoy spektroskopii. Fizika Apatita, 63-88.
Krasnova, N.I., Balaganskaya, E.G., & Garcia, D. (2004). Kovdor – classic phoscorites and carbonatites. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine, (10), 99-132.
https://doi.org/10.1180/mss.10.04
Krivdik, S.G., Bezsmolova, N.V., & Dubina, A.V. (2009). Shchelochnoy magmatizm Priazov’ya. Naukovі Pratsі UkrNDMІ NAN Ukrainy, (5), 158-166.
Kukharenko, A.A., Orlova, M.P., Bulakh, A.G., Bagdasarov, E.A., Rimskaya-Korsakova, O.M., Nefedov, E.I., Il’inskiy, G.A., Sergeev, A.S., & Abakumova, N.B. (1965). Kaledonskiy kompleks ul’traosnovnykh, shchelochnykh porod i karbonatitov Kol’skogo poluostrova i Severnoy Karelii. Moskva, Rossiya: Nedra.
Kurbatova, G.S. (1974). Tipomorfnye osobennosti apatita Kovdorskogo massiva. Shchelochnye Porody Kol’skogo Poluostrova, 129-138.
Lapin, A.V., & Lyagushkin, A.P. (2014). Kovdorskoe apatit-frankolitovoe mestorozhdenie – perspektivnyy istochnik fosfatnykh rud. Geologiya Rudnykh Mestorozhdeniy, 56(1), 70-92.
Mikhailova, J., Ivanyuk, G., Kalashnikov, A., Pakhomovsky, Y., Bazai, A., Panikorovskii, T., & Goryainov, P. (2018). Three-D mineralogical mapping of the Kovdor phoscorite-carbona-tite complex, NW Russia: I. Forsterite. Minerals, 8(6), 260.
https://doi.org/10.3390/min8060260
Mikhaylova, A.V., & Garanichev, Ya.V. (2010). Issledovanie flotatsii apatita iz rudy Kovdorskogo mestorozhdeniya. Gornyy Zhurnal, (10), 42-43.
Mining Atlas. (2019). Retrieved from
https://mining-atlas.com/operation/Kovdorsky-Iron-Ore-Magnetite-Mine.php
Pirogov, B.I., & Trunin, A.N. (2000). Morfostrukturnye osobennosti apatita Kovdorskogo mestorozhdeniya. Heoloho-Mineralohichnyi Visnyk Kryvorizkoho Tekhnichnoho Universytetu, 1-2(3-4), 153-167.
Pirogov, B.I., Trunin, A.N., & Kholoshin, I.V. (2001). IK-spektry apatita Kovdorskogo mestorozhdeniya. Heoloho-Mineralohichnyi Visnyk Kryvorizkoho Tekhnichnoho Universytetu, 1(5), 78-87.
Pirogov, B.I., Trunin, A.N., & Kholoshin, I.V. (2016). Nekotorye cherty kristallokhimii apatita Kovdorskogo kompleksnogo mestorozhdeniya. Heoloho-Mineralohichnyi Visnyk Kryvorizkoho Tekhnichnoho Universytetu, 2(36), 13-19.
Pogrebnoy, V.T. (2013). Redkozemel’nye rudy krandallitovogo tipa v epigeneticheski izmenennoy kore vyvetrivaniya karbonatitov Novopoltavskogo massiva (Ukrainskiy shchit, Priazov’ye). Osadochnye Basseyny, Sedimentatsionnye i Postsedimentatsionnye Protsessy v Geologicheskoy Istorii, (2), 1-12.
Rimskaya-Korsakova, O.M., & Krasnova, N.I. (2002). Geologiya mestorozhdeniy Kovdorskogo massiva. Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya: Izdatel’stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta.
Rimskaya-Korsakova, O.M., Krasnova, N.I., & Kopylova, L.N. (1979). Tipokhimicheskie osobennosti apatitov Kovdorskogo kompleksnogo mestorozhdeniya. Mineralogiya i Geokhimiya, (6), 58-70.
Shniukov, S.Ye., Lazarieva, I.I., Nikanorova, Yu.Ye., & Morozenko, V.R. (2014). Spivstavlennia heolohichnoi pozytsii, skladu ta heokhimichnykh osoblyvostei Dubravinskoho (Voronezkyi shchyt) i Chernihivskoho (Ukrainskyi shchyt) karbonatytovykh masyviv. Heoloho-Mineralohichnyi Visnyk Kryvorizkoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu, 1-2(31-32), 70-78.
Shnyukov, S., Lazareva, I., & Nykanorova, Y. (2015). Fenite halos of linear carbonatite massifs: identification criteria and determination of geological structure. Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, 1(68), 26-31.
https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.68.05.26-31
Shnyukov, S., & Osypenko, V. (2016). The Proskurov massif of alkaline rocks (Ukrainian shield): new geochemical database. Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, 1(72), 28-34.
https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.72.04
Stepanova, K.D., & Petrov, S.V. (2018). Sostav kal’tsitovikh karbonatitov Kovdorskogo massiva, kak potentsial’nykh promyshlennykh rud. Vestnik Voronezhskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Seriya Geologiya, (1), 102-108.
Tacker, R.C. (2004). Hydroxyl ordering in igneous apatite. American Mineralogist, 89(10), 1411-1421.
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2004-1008
Tacker, R.C. (2008). Carbonate in igneous and metamorphic fluorapatite: two type A and two type B substitutions. American Mineralogist, 93(1), 168-176.
https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2008.2551
Yashchenko, A.V. (1981). Izuchenie kharaktera raskola apatita rentgenometricheskim metodom i podschety plotnostey raspredeleniya atomov kal’tsiya na poverkhnostyakh raskola. Mineralogicheskiy Sbornik, 2(35), 61-63.
Yoder, C.H., Bollmeyer, M.M., Stepien, K.R., & Dudrick, R.N. (2019). The effect of incorporated carbonate and sodium on the IR spectra of A- and AB-type carbonated apatites. American Mineralogist, 104(6), 869-877.
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6800
Yoder, C.H., Pasteris, J.D., Krol, K.A., Weidner, V.L., & Schaeffer, R.W. (2012). Synthesis, structure, and solubility of carbonated barium chlor- and hydroxylapatites. Polyhedron, 44(1), 143-149.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2012.06.039
Zaitsev, A.N., Terry Williams, C., Jeffries, T.E., Strekopytov, S., Moutte, J., Ivashchenkova, O.V., & Borozdin, A.P. (2015). Rare earth elements in phoscorites and carbonatites of the Devonian Kola Alkaline Province, Russia: examples from Kovdor, Khibina, Vuoriyarvi and Turiy Mys complexes. Ore Geology Reviews, (64), 477-498.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.06.004
Zhirov, D.V., Klimov, S.A., & Melikhova, G.S. (2014). Inzhenerno-strukturnoe rayonirovanie massiva porod Kovdorskogo mestorozhdeniya baddeleit-apatit-magnetitovykh i malozhelezistykh apatitovykh rud, kak osnova dlya proektirovaniya krutogo borta kar’era. Ekologicheskaya Strategiya Razvitiya Gornodobyvayushchey Otrasli – Formirovanie Novogo Mirovozzreniya v Osvoenii Prirodnykh Resursov, (1), 92-103.
https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4208.2885
