Review of geomechanical problems of accumulation and reduction of mining industry wastes, and ways of their solution

M. Chetveryk¹, O. Bubnova¹, K. Babii¹, O. Shevchenko¹, S. Moldabaev²

¹Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics named after M.S. Polyakov of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine

²Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Min. miner. depos. 2018, 12(4):63-72

https://doi.org/10.15407/mining12.04.063

Full text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

Purpose. The identification of geomechanical problems of mining industry wastes accumulation and substantiation of the ways for their solution with the possibility of processing the watery technogenic feedstock by fine classification with dewatering.

Methods. To achieve this purpose, an integrated approach is used in this work, which includes the scientific and technical analysis of research according to wastes accumulation, state statistics data, analytical studies of the strata compaction ratio of aqueous rocks, affecting the subsidence of the earth surface. This also includes the bench expe-rimental studies to establish the dependence of changes in moisture content and the extraction of fine classes in screened products depending on the screening time at shock-vibrating screening by a new method for separating the enrichment wastes before to stockpile them into a pond.

Findings. The developed mathematical apparatus has been proposed for determining the parameters of geomechanical processes in technogenic massifs. It has been shown that in order to reduce the technogenic load and manifestation of negative geomechanical processes, it is necessary to reduce the area of land under the waste ponds and the accumulated volumes themselves of mining and enrichment wastes. The dependences have been established of the preliminary enrichment complex on the qualitative parameters of the feedstock and the technological parameters of the equipment. It has been revealed that the mineral stock, formed from wide grain-size classes with a high content of particles less than 0.2 mm, is dewatered up to 18 – 22% by traditional methods and is practically not classified.

Originality. A mathematical model has been proposed of screening and dewatering kinetics, which takes into account comprehensively the initial distribution of particles and liquid throughout the height of the screened material layer, segregation, mixing, sifting, vibrational transportation features (rate, multiplicity and number of falls over the period of vibrational transportation) and change in the height of the layer. This model is different due to the account of the mutual influence of classification by coarseness and dewatering.

Practical implications. The represented dependences can be used to predict the development of negative geomechanical processes. The obtained results make it possible by means of a calculation to determine rational parameters of the screen and screening process with dewatering at processing of various feedstock with the use of initial data. The use of technology, which includes a fine classification in wastes processing, will allow: increase the economic efficiency of enterprises; to expand the feedstock base for construction, coke and chemical industries and power industry; to solve the problems of creating additional containers for storing the wastes; to improve significantly the environmental situation in the mining and processing regions.

Keywords: mining industry wastes, geomechanical problems, shock-vibrating screening, preliminary enrichment

REFERENCES

ASTM D7012-07e1. (2009). Standard test method for compressive strength and elastic moduli of intact rock core

Babii, E.V. (2011). Tekhnologiya predobogascheniya zhelez-nyh rud v glubokikh kar’erakh. Kyiv: Ukraine.

Bubnova, Ye.A. (2017). Vzaimosvyaz’ parametrov narusheniya geologicheskoy sredy s izmeneniyami urovnya podzemnykh vod v rezultate vedeniya gornykh rabot. Metallurgical and Mining Industry, (4), 58-63.

Chetverik, M., Babiy, E., & Bubnova, E. (2013). The main technical solutions in rational excavation of minerals in open-pit mining. Annual Scientific-Technical Collection – Mining of Mineral Deposits, 173-176.
https://doi.org/10.1201/b16354-31

Christelis, V., & Hunges, A.G. (2018). Metamodel-assisted analysis of an integrated model composition: An example using linked surface water – groundwater models. Environmental Modeling and Software, (107), 298-306.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.05.004

Committee on Statistics. (2018). Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. [online]. Available at:
http://stat.gov.kz/

Decka, O., Baroudib, H., Hosnic, A., & Gueniffey, Y. (2018). A time dependency prediction of the number of mining subsidence events over a large mining field with uncertainties considerations. International Journal of Rock Mecha-nics and Mining Sciences, (105), 62-72.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.03.010

Ettmayr, A., Stahl, W., Keller, K., & Sauer, G. (2000). Dewatering of fine granular materials by vibrating screens with superposed capillary suction. Developments in Mineral Processing: Proceedings of the XXI International Mineral Processing Congress, 5-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4528(00)80035-6

Garakani, A.A., Haeri, S.M., Khosravi, A., & Habibagahi, G. (2015). Hydro-mechanical behavior of undisturbed collap-sible loessial soils under different stress state conditions. Engineering Geology, (195), 28-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.026

Kukemilks, K., Wagner, J.-F., Saks, T., & Brunner, P. (2018). Physically based hydrogeological and slope stability modeling of the Turaida castle mound. Landslides, 15(11), 2267-2278.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-1038-5

Lapshin, E.S., & Shevchenko, A.I. (2012). Matematicheskoe modelirovanie kinetiki grohocheniya i obezvogivaniya mineralnogo syriya. Naukovo-Tekhnichnyi Zbirnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 51(92), 55-64.

Lapshin, E.S., & Shevchenko, A.I. (2013). Ways of improvement of vibrational segregation and dehydration of mineral raw materials. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, (3), 45-51.

Malizia, J.P., & Shakoor, А. (2018). Effect of water content and density on strength and deformation behavior of clay soils. Engineering Geology, (244), 125-131.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.07.028

Medvedeva, O. (2015). Development and exploitation of sto-rages of enrichment process wastes as anthropogenic depo-sits. New Developments in Mining Engineering 2015: Theoretical and Practical Solutions of Mineral Resources Mining, 567-573.
https://doi.org/10.1201/b19901-98

Naduty, V., Malanchuk, Z., Malanchuk, E., & Korniyenko, V. (2015). Modeling of vibro screening at fine classification of metallic basalt. New Developments in Mining Engineering 2015: Theoretical and Practical Solutions of Mineral Resources Mining, 441-443.
https://doi.org/10.1201/b19901-77

Pavlychenko, A., & Kovalenko, A. (2013). The investigation of rock dumps influence to the levels of heavy metals conta-mination of soil. Annual Scientific-Technical Collection –Mining of Mineral Deposits, 237-238.
https://doi.org/10.1201/b16354-44

Petlovanyi, M.V., & Medianyk, V.Y. (2018). Assessment of coal mine waste dumps development priority. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, (4), 28-35.
https://doi.org/10.29202/nvngu/2018-4/3

Rakishev, B.R., Seituly, К., & Kovrov, O.S. (2014). Physical modeling geomechanical stability of internal overburden dumps. Beijing International Symposium on Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration LRER 2014, (1), 583-588.

Shashenko, O.M., & Kovrov, O.S. (2016). Comparative analysis of two failure criteria for rocks and massifs. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, (6), 54-59.

Shevchenko, V., Shevchenko, G., & Lebed, G. (2016). Recommended practice for using resource-saving technologies and tools for fine classification of uranium ores by size and refuse dehydration. Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(1), 69-76.
https://doi.org/10.15407/mining10.01.069

State Statistics Service of Ukraine. (2018). Retrieved from
http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/

Zhang, X., Spanjers, H., & van Lier, J.B. (2013). Potentials and limitations of biomethane and phosphorus recovery from sludges of brackish/marine aquaculture recirculation systems: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, (131), 44-54.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.016

Zhang, G., Wang, F., Zhang, H., Tang, H., Li, H., & Zhong, Y. (2018). New stability calculation method for rock slopes subject to flexural toppling failure. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, (106), 319-328.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.04.016

Wodzinski, P. (2003). Screening of fine granular material. Coal Preparation, 23(4), 183-211.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07349340302258

Wu, Y., Lan, H., Gao, X., Li, L., & Yang, Z. (2015). A simplified physically based coupled rainfall threshold model for triggering landslides. Engineering Geology, (195), 63-69.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.022